Cholecystectomy journey

Quote from "ESPES Manual of Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery" by Ciro Esposito, François Becmeur, Henri Steyaert, Philipp Szavay -

"The first ever cholecystectomy on record was performed on July 15, 1882, by Carl Johann August Langenbuch (1846–1901) at Lazarus Krankenhaus in Berlin [1]. Few years earlier, on July 15, 1867, John Stough Bobbs of Indianapolis had performed a cholecystostomy on a 30-year-old woman with ovarian cancer [2]. It was over 100 years later, in Germany again, that Erich Mühe of Boblingen performed the first laparoscopic (Fig. 37.1) cholecystectomy [3]. This was a turning point for minimal access approach in general surgery. Another major advance, which helped the surgeons, was the development of a laparoscopic clip applicator with multiple clips. Dr. Mühe had to overcome a lot of hurdles before his technique was being recognised and adopted by other surgeons. He submitted his article to The American Journal of Surgery in 1990 but was rejected. His article never got published in English literature. The procedure was performed on September 12, 1985, with the help of a side-viewing endoscope and an instrumentation channel through the umbilicus. Eventually, his work was rewarded by him receiving the German Surgical Society Anniversary Award with praises like “One of the greatest achievements of German medicine in recent history.”"