Anatomy and Embryology

Contraction direction of anal continence muscles red line: levator ani blue line: muscle complex green line: para sagital fibers

Quote from "Pediatric Surgery (Springer Surgery Atlas)" by Prem Puri, Michael E. Höllwarth - "Basic anatomic differences from an adult neck should be borne in mind. The dome of the pleura extends into the neck and is thus vulnerable to injury. The trachea is pliable and can be difficult to palpate. It can be easily retracted to a great extent with little pull, and care must be taken to distinguish it from the carotid vessels. The paediatric neck is short, so the operative field is confined. Finally, the cricoid can be injured if it is not correctly identified." Quote from "Pediatric Surgery (Springer Surgery Atlas)" by Prem Puri, Michael E. Höllwarth - "Subglottic s…