Undescended testis

Quotes from "ESPES Manual of Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery" by Ciro Esposito, François Becmeur, Henri Steyaert, Philipp Szavay - "Preoperative radiological evaluation was not recommended in the guidelines on NPT [4, 5]." "USG is an easy to perform noninvasive tool with no risk of anesthesia and radiation; but it has low efficacy at diagnosis to detect the presence of the testis or the absence of an intra-abdominal testis and is dependent on who performs. However, USG may be helpful in obese children, in cases of suspected DSD, to identify Mullerian structures and for determination of the exact size of pathologic and contralateral testes [6]."

Quote from "The SAGES Manual of Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery" by Danielle S. Walsh, Todd A. Ponsky, Nicholas E. Bruns - "If a one-stage procedure is chosen, carefully place cephalad traction on the testis to confirm that the epididymis and vas deferens do not loop into the inguinal canal, so that these are not injured during the following step. Identify and transect the gubernaculum testis to allow complete mobilization." Quote from "The SAGES Manual of Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery" by Danielle S. Walsh, Todd A. Ponsky, Nicholas E. Bruns - "If the testicle is so high that a Fowler-Stephens procedure seems inevitable, high division of the testicular pedic…