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Quote from "Pediatric Surgery (Springer Surgery Atlas)" by Prem Puri, Michael E. Höllwarth - "Recurrent intussusception is seen after nonsurgical reduction in up to 13% of all cases, and 30% of all recurrences occur within the first postoperative day. Irritability and discomfort are the first signs of an early recurrence. Nonsurgical reduction may be repeated, especially in infants and younger children with gastrointestinal infections. Hsu et al. analysed the recurrence rate in 686 children and found 15.7% recurrence after the first barium enema reduction, 37.7% after the second, 68.4% after the third, and 100.0% after the fourth reduction. In our institution, we recommend surgery after three recurrences following successful nonsurgical reductions."